Water is a basic need. It is essential not only for consumption but also to grow food and support livelihood activities. As such access to water is recognized as human right. The governments in developing countries are committed to provide and improve access to drinking water to rural communities with priority. The rural water supply programme in many developing countries typically consists of tapping ground water resources by means of bore wells. World wide a large percentage of the rural communities depend on bore well for drinking water supplies. Most of these wells are provided with manually operated pumps like India Mark II or Afridev although increasingly more wells are being provided with power pumps.

The rural communities have been using these pumps for over three decades. Mean while pumping water using manually operated devise has become difficult. Over the years ground water level in many areas has lowered. It is common to see, two or more women or children labor to operate a pump.